Cat cancer research reveals genetic similarities with humans, offering insights into aggressive breast cancer and potential new treatments

New research suggests that cats may hold vital clues for treating certain human cancers. A study published Thursday in the journal Science found significant genetic parallels between cancers in domestic cats and humans, particularly in aggressive forms of breast cancer.

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Louise van der Weyden, co-author and scientist at the Wellcome Sanger Institute, explained that cats share environments with humans—including exposure to pollution and second-hand smoke—and often develop similar health complications alongside cancer, such as diabetes or heart disease.

The international team analysed tumour samples from nearly 500 cats across five countries, covering 13 types of cancer, including brain, breast, lung, and skin.

They found that mutations in the gene FBXW7, known to appear in human breast cancers, were present in more than half of feline mammary tumours. These mutations are rare but aggressive in humans, mirroring the disease in cats.

Van der Weyden said that because many cats carry this mutation, veterinary clinics could provide an effective testing ground for targeted treatments, which may later benefit affected women.

Swiss researchers also found two chemotherapy treatments showed promise against these specific tumours, though further validation is required.

Professor Harikrishna Nakshatri of Indiana University described the findings as “fascinating,” highlighting the potential to better understand how genes and environmental factors interact to trigger cancer.

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Van der Weyden described the findings as a “win-win” for both humans and pets. “We’re genomically so similar, the tumours we develop are so similar. What you learn in one species can be used to help the other,” she said.