Mould exposure threatens public health, experts warn

Mould Exposure poses a growing public health risk, experts warn, urging Nigerians to fix leaks, improve ventilation, and maintain low humidity to stay safe

Mould Exposure has emerged as a growing public health concern in Nigeria, with health experts warning that the silent threat lurking in damp and poorly ventilated homes could have serious consequences for vulnerable groups, including children, the elderly, and those with respiratory or immune-related conditions.

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Public health specialists say mould, a common fungus that thrives in humid environments, can trigger severe respiratory problems when spores are inhaled.

The warning comes amid increasing reports of moisture retention in homes caused by leaking roofs, damp walls, and poor ventilation.

Professor Tanimola Akande, a public health expert at the University of Ilorin and former National Chairman of the Association of Public Health Physicians of Nigeria, described mould exposure as a “dangerous but underestimated” health risk.

He explained that mould releases invisible spores into the air that, when inhaled, can lead to coughing, wheezing, sneezing, and asthma attacks.

“Mould thrives in environments with constant dampness and poor air circulation,” Akande said. “Children, the elderly, and people with weak immunity are the most affected.

Many don’t realise the health problems they face come from mould growing right inside their homes.”

According to him, prolonged mould exposure can worsen existing respiratory illnesses and even cause chronic allergic reactions. “It doesn’t just irritate the lungs; it complicates long-term diseases,” he warned.

He urged homeowners to fix leaking pipes, ensure good ventilation, and keep indoor humidity below 60 per cent to prevent mould growth.

“Once humidity rises above 70 per cent, mould spreads quickly. Controlling moisture is the first line of defence,” Akande advised.

Dr Solomon Olorunfemi, a Senior Registrar in Community Medicine and Primary Care at the Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, described mould exposure as a “serious but under-discussed” issue in Nigeria.

He noted that the health effects extend beyond the lungs, causing symptoms like itchy eyes, skin irritation, and sinus infections.

“Mould exposure happens when people inhale spores or touch contaminated surfaces. For people with asthma or bronchitis, even a small amount can trigger severe attacks,” he said.

Olorunfemi added that the problem often starts unnoticed in bathrooms, basements, or areas with leaking roofs. “Carpets, upholstery, and insulation that stay damp are perfect breeding grounds,” he explained.

The physician also warned that mould exposure can be mistaken for ordinary allergies. “

If symptoms improve when a person leaves the house, it’s a sign the mould inside is the cause,” he said, urging Nigerians to act immediately when they notice dark or discoloured patches on their walls.

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Experts agree that preventing mould exposure requires consistent ventilation, proper maintenance, and prompt repair of leaks. They stressed that ignoring the warning signs could lead to an avoidable public health challenge.

Quadri Olaitan